The company needs an experienced programmer with detailed knowledge of the RISC-V command system and the Vector Arm command system. He will join the Vector and Numerics Group (VaNG) team, which is part of the Core Operating Systems group. The Vector and Numerics Group team is responsible for developing and improving all kinds of embedded subsystems running on iOS, macOS, watchOS and tvOS.

Known for its secrecy, Apple does not say directly what solutions it intends to implement using RISC-V, but the job description states that the programmer should work with machine learning, computer vision, and natural language processing systems. Some background in low-level, high-performance programming is required, and indeed the job description itself mentions that Apple is already working with RISC-V. It’s stated explicitly that they would be working in a team which is already “using innovative RISC-V solutions.

Today, Apple has dozens of products of all kinds. For example, high-performance products like the Mac, including the MacBook, iPhone smartphones, iPad tablets and Apple TV set-top boxes use chipsets based on custom Arm Cores. In addition, devices like the Apple Watch, AirPods and Homepod Mini use Arm SiP technology, and Arm cores are also used in controllers like the T2, W3 and U1.

In addition to chipsets for high-performance devices, each Apple device uses multiple Arm cores (although individual devices still use chips based on x86 architecture). Apple pays licensing fees for the use of each core, and as the number of cores in devices like SSD controllers and smartwatches continues to increase, we have to pay more and more. In this regard, the use of open and accordingly free RISC-V architecture looks extremely attractive, it could save the company millions of dollars in royalties.

At the same time, integration of custom cores based on RISC-V architecture into Apple’s ecosystem requires software preparation and verification of hardware and software compatibility. This is where programmers familiar with both RISC-V and Arm are needed.

Considering that Apple is already working on RISC-V based solutions, it is still a matter of time before some core types are replaced by an alternative architecture. It is known that RISC-V is mostly used today for auxiliary solutions with low performance, but with the evolution of technologies we cannot rule out more interesting solutions.

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Among the exotic programming languages for writing malware are Go (Golang), D (DLang), Nim and Rust. As a rule, these languages are used to create malicious software aimed at large organizations and which exploits weaknesses in the protection of the corporate infrastructure. We are talking about malware that implements multi-stage, carefully planned and organized cyber-attacks.

Once on the victim’s computer, these software modules bypass traditional defenses to later download, decode and launch remote access Trojans, most often Remcos and NanoCore, as well as Cobalt Strike beacons.

In some cases, when the cybercriminals have sufficient resources, non-standard languages for these purposes are used not only for the modules performing the initial attack, but also for the whole malware package. The Go language is of particular interest to attackers. It is used by hackers on an almost regular basis for all major platforms.

According to the authors of the study, new or unusual programming languages make it difficult to decompile malware, circumvent defenses that use signature-based detection tools with relative ease, and simplify cross-platform compatibility of attacks. The code base of such malware itself is an additional level of disguise. Their developers, in fact, do not have to make any additional effort; the effectiveness of the attack is increased simply by the fact that one of these programming languages is used.

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According to the developers, Codex can now significantly simplify the work of experienced programmers, as well as help to train beginners. Artificial Intelligence literally turns a stream of words into real software like websites or rudimentary games. For example, a user can describe the basic appearance of a site or its functionality by listing requirements like the location of menus or text boxes using plain spoken English, and Codex will generate a finished product based on its own “insights” into what needs to be accomplished.

In this variant, programming skills are not required at all in some cases. However, basically Codex will only work as an “assistant” or “deputy” programmer, implementing the conceptual ideas of the “creators” in the simplest way possible.

According to Greg Brockman, the technical director and co-founder of OpenAI, the new tool is intended for a wide range of programmers. First of all, it will allow them to get rid of monotonous repetitive work using libraries, functions and APIs.

Codex is based on the GPT-3 algorithm – created by OpenAI for generating “meaningful” texts based on analyzing many terabytes of text material on the Internet. However, it can provoke a negative reaction from developers who put free and open source software online. The algorithm uses additional data that was literally “shoveled” from free software repositories for subsequent analysis.

OpenAI has said it does not violate any copyright or related rights laws. Nevertheless, many people expect criticism from volunteers who created countless lines of code – the company intends to cash in on the efforts of the community, who posted their software to be parsed and used for free. So far, the programmers do not have a common or at least dominant position on the newly created tool.

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